Financial Planning In Pictures
The main object of analysis of financial condition of the enterprise is its balance of assets and liabilities.
To identify causes of changes in the financial sustainability of the enterprise for the period, it is necessary to analyze the financial results of the company during this period, as well as major fund flows, associated with current supply-side activities, and operations with current assets, with capital investments and capital-exclusions (i.e. transactions with non-current assets, their purchase and sale) and with financing (i.e. transactions with equity and loan commitments, their involvement and amortization).
The second step in the process of financial planning of the company is designing its desired (”normal” financial condition at the end of the plan period, namely, the construction of a realistic (taking into account the actual financial condition of the enterprise) draft balance sheet for the last reporting date. This project should reflect the future financial condition of the enterprise, appropriate with basic interests and expectations of prospective shareholders and creditors of the company, i.e. holders of provided resources for the company.
The next step of financial planning process is comparing the projected (estimated) financial condition of the enterprise with desired (normal) state (it includes an analysis of possible deviations).
Projected statement of assets and liabilities should be compared with the draft balance sheet of assets and liabilities, built earlier, based on the representations of company’s management about the desired (normal) financial condition of the company to the end of plan period. If the deviation of the basic parameters of prognostic balance of the relevant parameters is recognized as insignificant, then calculations of balances of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and receipts and payments should be approved in the financial plan of the enterprise. If the deviation of calculated parameters of the project is significant, then we should accept decision to adjust the initial data, which was calculated on the basis of forecast balance sheet and/or parameters of the desired state.
After reaching (by method of successive approximations) an acceptable conformity of calculated parameters of the balance of assets and liabilities of the company with desired (normal) parameters, defined in the design of balance and possible adjustments to the project, we should approve the financial plan of the enterprise. The principal documents of the financial plan should include (as minimum) the plan of incomes and expenditures, balance sheet of assets and liabilities and the plan of receipts and payments. In these three basic documents we define set of interrelated quantitative targets for revenues and expenditures, assets and liabilities and receipts and payments that must be met in the plan period to achieve the projected financial condition. This set of tasks is the basis for planning and implementing of coordinated and targeted actions in enterprise management.
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